Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat problems within the knee joint. It involves the use of a small camera, known as an arthroscope, which is inserted into the knee through small incisions. This allows the surgeon to visualize, diagnose, and repair the affected structures with precision. This procedure is commonly recommended for individuals suffering from knee pain due to injuries, degenerative diseases, or mechanical dysfunctions.

Why is Knee Arthroscopy Needed?

Knee arthroscopy is performed to address various knee problems, including:

• Meniscus Tears: Repairing or removing the damaged meniscal tissue.

• ACL & PCL Injuries: Reconstruction of torn ligaments.

• Cartilage Damage: Removal of loose cartilage fragments or repairing cartilage defects.

• Synovial Inflammation: Treating inflamed synovium due to conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.

• Knee Infections: Draining infections from the knee joint.

• Patellar Issues: Addressing problems like patellar maltracking or instability.

• Baker’s Cyst Removal: Draining fluid-filled cysts in the knee.

The Procedure of knee arthroscopy

1. Preoperative Preparation

Before undergoing knee arthroscopy, the patient undergoes:

• Medical Evaluation: Blood tests, imaging (X-ray/MRI), and a physical examination.

• Anesthesia Selection: Either general or regional anesthesia is used.

• Fasting: The patient is advised to fast for several hours before surgery.

2. Surgical Steps

• Incisions: The surgeon makes small incisions around the knee.

• Arthroscope Insertion: A fiber-optic camera is introduced to visualize the joint.

• Treatment: Specialized instruments are used to repair or remove damaged tissues.

• Closure: The incisions are closed with sutures or adhesive strips.

• Bandaging: A sterile dressing is applied to the surgical site.

3. Postoperative Care

• Pain Management: Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications are prescribed.

• Rehabilitation & Physiotherapy: Gradual exercises are introduced to regain mobility and strength.

• Activity Restrictions: Avoid strenuous activities for a few weeks.

• Follow-Up Visits: Regular check-ups ensure proper healing.

Benefits of Knee Arthroscopy

• Minimally Invasive: Smaller incisions lead to less scarring.

• Quick Recovery: Faster healing compared to open surgery.

• Reduced Risk of Complications: Lower chances of infections and bleeding.

• Accurate Diagnosis & Treatment: High precision due to direct visualization.

Risks & Complications

Although knee arthroscopy is generally safe, potential risks include:

• Infection

• Blood clots

• Nerve or blood vessel damage

• Stiffness or persistent knee pain

Recovery Timeline

• First Few Days: Rest, ice therapy, and medication for pain control.

• 1-2 Weeks: Light activities and physiotherapy exercises.

• 4-6 Weeks: Increased mobility and strength-building.

• 3-6 Months: Full recovery and return to sports or strenuous activities.

Conclusion

Knee arthroscopy is a highly effective and safe procedure for diagnosing and treating knee joint issues. With proper postoperative care and physiotherapy, patients can achieve a full recovery and return to their normal activities. If you’re experiencing persistent knee pain, consult a specialist to determine whether knee arthroscopy is the right option for you.